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SELF ASSESSMENT: VIRAL INCLUSION BODIES IN PSITTACINE BIRDS
Christopher R. Gregory, DVM, PhD1; H.L. Shivaprasad, BVSc, PhD2; and Raymond P. Campagnoli, MS3; Kenneth S. Latimer, DVM,PhD3
1 University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Small Animal Medicine, Athens, GA, USA 30602; 2 California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System, University of California-Davis, Fresno, CA, USA 93725; and 3 University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Pathology, Athens, GA, USA 30602
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Introduction
Some of the more common viruses that cause intranuclear inclusion bodies in psittacine bird tissues are avian adenovirus, Pacheco’s parrot disease virus (herpesvirus), psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) virus, and avian polyomavirus (APV). Experienced pathologists often are suspicious of these infections based on the morphology of the inclusions; however, definitive diagnosis often requires confirmation with other techniques such as immunohistochemistry using a virus-specific antibody, DNA in situ hybridization using a virus-specific nucleic acid probe, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Photomicrographs of intranuclear inclusion bodies of the more common viruses are shown below in sections of liver or spleen. Test your "inclusion body knowledge" by trying to diagnose the correct viral infection. A correct answer will take you to a link with more information on that virus (courtesy of Avian Viruses: Function and Control, B.W. Ritchie, ed., Wingers Publishing, Inc., Lake Worth, FL, 1995). If your choice is incorrect, try again. Finally, a "mystery case" with a full diagnostic work-up is presented (courtesy of H.L. Shivaprasad).
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| Fig. 1. Section of liver. H&E stain, magnification = 1,000x. | |
| Choose the correct answer: | |
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| Fig. 2. Section of spleen. H&E stain, magnification = 1,000x. | |
| Choose the correct answer: | |
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| Fig. 3. Section of liver. H&E stain, magnification = 1,000x. | |
| Choose the correct answer: | |
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| Fig. 4. Section of liver. H&E stain, magnification = 1,000x. | |
| Choose the correct answer: | |
Now that you’ve tested your "inclusion body I.Q.," here is a case that fooled even some experienced exotic histopathologists! See if you can identify the viral infection based upon microscopy alone. Keep trying until you get the correct answer. Then see the extensive diagnostic work-up needed to identify the viral inclusions.
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| Fig. 5. Section of liver. H&E stain, magnification = 1,000x. | |
| Choose the correct answer: | |
